Russian grading scales do not map directly to U.S. systems
Russian academic records typically use a five-point grading scale (отлично, хорошо, удовлетворительно, неудовлетворительно, and sometimes зачет/незачет) that evaluators need to see exactly as issued before they apply their own equivalency framework.
Over-translating Russian grades into U.S. letter-grade equivalents is risky because the evaluator’s job is to decide how the original grading system maps to the target system. The translation should faithfully render the grade labels and any grading legend or key that the institution printed on the record.



